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Social Welfare |
Social Development Model |
"New World Order" Model |
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The dominant economic and political systems reinforce particular
values or principles at the expense
of a large, and growing, "under
class" of impoverished or socially
disenfranchised persons who are
unable to participate equitably in
these systems (e.g., individualism,
competition, wealth accumulation)
Certain groups of people--owing to
factors beyond their control (e.g.,
race, ethnicity, gender)--are disadvantaged by stratification, mobility and other norms that reward
some, but penalize others
Other groups of people owing to
age, disability, illness, solitary
survivorship, etc. are unable to
remain self-sufficient and, thus
become dependent on resources of
the "commonwealth" to meet their
needs
Social welfare is viewed as the
primary instrumentality through
which society responds to the
legitimate needs of dependent
persons
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Dominant national and international
social, political, and economic
systems frustrate the efforts of
disenfranchised persons and developing countries in achieving parity
with "social haves"
Inequalities between "rich" and
"poor" countries are largely the
product of three forces: (1) for the
majority of developing countries,
the legacy of a recent colonial past;
(2) "victimization" by dominant
international economic and political
forces that are controlled by rich
countries and over which poor
countries are able to exercise comparatively little control; and (3)
"accidents" of geography that
"trap" resource poor, land-locked,
and small island developing countries in conditions of perpetual
deprivation
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Existing world order systems
(social, political, economic, and
moral) are controlled by a minority of self-interested rich and
powerful nation-states located in
the industrialized "North"
Because of their comparative
advantages, rich countries have a
vested interest in sustaining the
economic dependency of the South
on the North; as a result, the
North "manipulates" the existing
world economic and political order
so as to sustain the South's dependency
These activities are perceived to
be particularly important because
of the North's dependency on
developing countries for cheap
labor, raw materials, military
bases, and markets to which finished products can be exported Hence, rich countries contribute sparingly toward the South's efforts to acceleration the pace of their own social, economic, political, and military development |